Olly active immunity elderberry11/14/2023 However, we found evidence that elderberry has some effect on inflammatory markers, although this effect may decline with ongoing supplementation. We did not find evidence on elderberry and clinical outcomes related to inflammation. Compared to oseltamivir, an elderberry-containing product may be associated with a lower risk of influenza complications and adverse events. Elderberry may reduce the duration of influenza but the evidence is uncertain. Elderberry may not reduce the risk of developing the common cold it may reduce the duration and severity of colds, but the evidence is uncertain. However, we found three studies measuring production of cytokines ex vivo after ingestion of elderberry. We did not find any studies linking elderberry to clinical inflammatory outcomes. We screened 1187 records and included five randomized trials on elderberry for the treatment or prevention of viral respiratory illness. Outcomes included new illnesses and the severity and duration of illness. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data from studies, assessed risk of bias using Cochrane tools, and evaluated certainty of estimates using GRADE. We conducted a systematic review and searched six databases, four research registers, and two preprint sites for studies. We aimed to determine benefits and harms of elderberry for the prevention and treatment of viral respiratory infections, and to assess the relationship between elderberry supplements and negative health impacts associated with overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been interest in elderberry supplements to treat or prevent illness, but also concern that elderberry might overstimulate the immune system and increase the risk of 'cytokine storm'. 11 The Centre for Health Innovation, The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Įlderberry has traditionally been used to prevent and treat respiratory problems.10 The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.9 The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.8 University of Ottawa, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.7 The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 6 University of Maryland, Health Sciences and Human Services Library, Baltimore, MD, USA.5 Yale Center for Medical Informatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.4 Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.3 Kelly Government Solutions, Rockville, MD, USA.2 Evidence-based Oncology, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. 1 Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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